滋阴活血利咽颗粒超声波提取工艺研究

目的:首次在滋阴活血利咽颗粒剂制备工艺中采用超声波提取方法,并优化了超声波提取工艺条件.方法:采用正交试验方法,考察颗粒粒度、加水量、提取次数、提取时间对超声提取得率的影响.结果:颗粒柱度、加水量、提取时间等因素对提取效果的影响均没有显著性,提取次数对提取效果的影响有显著性.结论:超声提取具有能耗低,省时,提取转移率高,常温提取,生产成本低等优势.     

妇康宁颗粒的药效学研究

目的研究妇康宁颗粒剂的药效学。方法采用小鼠扭体法和热板法考察妇康宁颗粒的镇痛作用,采用小鼠耳肿胀法和大鼠纸片包埋法考察妇康宁颗粒的抗炎作用,采用小鼠凝血时间、出血时间试验考察妇康宁颗粒的止血作用,采用小鼠碳廓清试验考察妇康宁颗粒调节免疫作用。结果妇康宁颗粒对化学、物理刺激引发的疼痛具有良好的抑制作用。妇康宁颗粒剂对急性渗出性炎症和慢性增殖性炎症具有一定的抑制作用,具有剂量相关性。妇康宁颗粒剂具有一定的凝血和止血作用。妇康宁颗粒可以促进小鼠免疫器官的发育,增加小鼠单位时间清除血液异物的速度。结论妇康宁颗粒具有抗炎、止血、调节免疫作用,为临床应用提供了科学的依据。     

九味镇心颗粒联合米氮平治疗对功能性消化不良合并抑郁患者的疗效及安全性分析

目的 探讨九味镇心颗粒联合米氮平治疗功能性消化不良合并抑郁患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法 收集2017年7月～2018年12月于台州市第二人民医院精神科就诊的112例功能性消化不良合并抑郁患者作为观察对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组56例。对照组予米氮平治疗,观察组予九味镇心颗粒联合米氮平治疗。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项目(HAMD)进行抑郁临床疗效评价。8周疗程结束后,比较两组的临床疗效、HAMD评分、消化不良症状积分及不良反应。结果 8周疗程结束后,临床疗效显示,观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组(91.1%vs 76.8%,P0.05)。治疗前,对照组和观察组患者HAMD评分比较无统计学差异[(26.5±4.7)分vs (27.3±4.2)分,P0.05)]。治疗后,与对照组比较,观察组患者HAMD评分降低(10.9±2.4分vs 15.8±3.1分),消化不良症状程度积分和频次积分降低[(1.14±0.41)分vs (1.92±0.60)分,(1.02±0.39)分vs (1.83±0.55)分],差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)]。治疗过程中,两组患者均未出现严重不良反应病例。对照组和观察组患者不良反应发生率比较,无统计学差异(21.4%vs 28.6%,P0.05)。结论 九味镇心颗粒联合米氮平是功能性消化不良合并抑郁患者的有效治疗方案,抑郁治疗有效率高,能够明显改善消化不良症状,且药物安全性好。     

补肾益智方治疗阿尔茨海默病斑马鱼模型的作用及机制研究

目的 通过阿尔茨海默病斑马鱼模型,探讨补肾益智方的作用机制。方法 选取6月龄斑马鱼,随机分成5组,分为空白对照组（n=12）、模型组（n=10）、阳性药组（n=10）、补肾益智方高剂量组（n=11）和低剂量组（n=12）。除空白对照组,其余各组均用AlCl₃·6H₂O配制成浓度为100 μg/L的溶液持续浸泡斑马鱼30 d,每天更换一半的染毒培养液。染毒结束后利用T迷宫实验剔除染毒失败的斑马鱼。造模结束后,分别给予阳性药组多奈哌齐20 μg/mL,高、低剂量组补肾益智方30、10 μg/mL浸泡14 d。给药结束后,通过T迷宫实验检测斑马鱼学习记忆能力;免疫组化染色观察神经元变化;qPCR检测相关基因的表达;Western blot检测相关蛋白的表达。结果 ①在T迷宫测试第4天,模型组潜伏时间为（198.00±45.78）s,补肾益智方低剂量组为（12.75±2.29）s,补肾益智方高剂量组为（7.27±0.90）s,补肾益智方治疗组斑马鱼的潜伏时间明显低于模型组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;②补肾益智方治疗组斑马鱼的端脑神经元数量较模型组明显增多、排列变整齐,星型胶质细胞增多;③补肾益智方组斑马鱼脑ACHE活力显著降低（P<0.01）、ChAT活力显著增加（P<0.05）;④补肾益智方治疗组斑马鱼脑组织中appb、bace1表达显著降低（P<0.01）,sod、cat、nrf2基因表达显著增加（P<0.01）,keap1基因表达显著降低（P<0.01）;⑤补肾益智方治疗组斑马鱼脑组织蛋白表达情况与qPCR结果一致,APP、BACE1表达显著降低（P<0.01）,Nrf2表达显著增加（P<0.01）,Keap1表达显著降低（P<0.01）。结论 补肾益智方能有效改善AD斑马鱼的学习记忆能力,减少Aβ生成,减轻氧化应激。      

Clinical Experience in Treatment of Alzheimer''s Disease with Jiannao Yizhi Formula (健脑益智方) and Routine Western Medicine

Objective: To investigate the long-term therapeutic effects of the Chinese medicine Jiannao Yizhi Formula(健脑益智方, JYF) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD). Methods: Sixty mild-to-moderate AD participants were recruited and randomly allocated to the treatment(30 with JYF) and the control groups(30 with donepezil) for 6 months with the random numbers. The primary outcomes were scores of Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale-Cognitive(ADAS-Cog) and Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale(CM-SS). The secondary outcomes were scores of Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA), and Activities of Daily Living(ADL). Safety assessments were conducted at baseline and the 6 th month of treatment. Serum levels of acetylcholine(Ach), amyloid-β protein 42(Aβ_(42)), and the microtubule-associated protein tau(Tau) were also determined by enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay. Results: Fifty-one participants were included in the final analyses(JYF n=27; donepezil n=24). Compared with baseline, both JYF and donepezil increased the MoCA and MMSE scores and decreased the ADAS-Cog and CM-SS scores(P0.05 or P0.01). Both drugs increased the serum levels of Ach and decreased the serum levels of Aβ_(42) and Tau(all P0.05). There was no significant difference in these variables between the two groups, which showed that JYF was not inferior to donepezil. No obviously significant changes were observed in the ADL. No severe adverse events were observed in both groups. Conclusion: The effect and safety of JYF for the treatment of AD were not inferior to those of donepezil.     

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术研究八珍益智方治疗阿尔茨海默病的潜在作用机制

目的 利用网络药理学方法及分子对接技术,研究八珍益智方治疗阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer's disease,AD）的潜在药效物质基础和作用机制,为其临床应用提供理论依据。方法 通过TCMSP、BATMAN-TCM、TCMID、中国知网（CNKI）和Pubmed数据库检索八珍益智方8味组方药材化学成分和作用靶点;通过GeneCards、OMIM数据库查询AD的相关靶点;利用R语言3.6.3得到药物和疾病的交集靶点;借助String数据库和Cytoscape 3.7.2软件构建PPI网络,筛选核心靶点;通过DAVID数据库进行GO功能富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析;利用AutoDock tools 1.5.6、AutoDock vina 1.1.2进行分子对接。结果 八珍益智方共收集到200个化学成分和226个靶点,Cytoscape 3.7.2软件筛选出包括AKT1、MAPK3、IL-6、VEGFA、CASP3等37个核心靶点,槲皮素、山柰酚、柚皮苷、豆甾醇、7-甲氧基-2-甲基异黄酮等15个核心化合物。GO富集分析得到1 331个条目（P<0.05）,KEGG通路富集得到相关通路65条（P<0.05）。分子对接结果显示15个核心化合物和AKT1、MAPK3、IL-6、VEGFA、CASP3具有较好的亲和力。结论 八珍益智方治疗AD的通路主要涉及癌症的途径、MAPK信号通路、前列腺癌、神经活性配体-受体相互作用、钙信号通路等,研究结果为八珍益智方治疗AD作用机制的进一步阐明提供了指引。      

活性银离子抗菌液联合通窍鼻炎颗粒治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎的疗效

目的 探讨活性银离子抗菌液联合通窍鼻炎颗粒治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎的效果。方法 选取2017年7月~2019年5月我院诊治的儿童慢性鼻窦炎患者214例,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组107例。对照组给予活性银离子抗菌液治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上联合通窍鼻炎颗粒治疗,比较两组临床疗效、生活质量（SNOT-20）评分、血清IL-5、IL-8水平。结果 治疗组总有效率为92.52%,高于对照组的75.70%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后,治疗组鼻相关症状、活力状态、社会功能及情感状态评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗组血清IL-5、IL-8水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 活性银离子抗菌液联合通窍鼻炎颗粒治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎效果较佳,能有效降低炎症因子水平,改善体力,提高生活质量。     

青芪散对小鼠淋巴细胞亚群及白细胞介素2的影响

[目的]观察青芪散对免疫损伤小鼠的免疫调节作用.[方法]中药复方制剂青芪散小、中、大3个剂量治疗冻干卡介苗(BCG)加脂多糖(LPS)免疫性肝损伤小鼠,与迈普新(Tα1)对照,观察其对淋巴细胞亚群、白细胞介素2(IL-2)及肝脏病理的影响.[结果]青芪散中剂量组显著降低CD8 ,提高CD3 、CD4 及CD4 /CD8 比值,与Tα1组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对肝组织病理学影响,中剂量组与Tα1组比较稍优,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05).[结论]青芪散有明确的免疫调节作用.     

The Ataxin-2 protein is required for microRNA function and synapse-specific long-term olfactory habituation

Local control of mRNA translation has been proposed as a mechanism for regulating synapse-specific plasticity associated with long-term memory. We show here that glomerulus-selective plasticity of Drosophila multiglomerular local interneurons observed during long-term olfactory habituation (LTH) requires the Ataxin-2 protein (Atx2) to function in uniglomerular projection neurons (PNs) postsynaptic to local interneurons (LNs). PN-selective knockdown of Atx2 selectively blocks LTH to odorants to which the PN responds and in addition selectively blocks LTH-associated structural and functional plasticity in odorant-responsive glomeruli. Atx2 has been shown previously to bind DEAD box helicases of the Me31B family, proteins associated with Argonaute (Ago) and microRNA (miRNA) function. Robust transdominant interactions of atx2 with me31B and ago1 indicate that Atx2 functions with miRNA-pathway components for LTH and associated synaptic plasticity. Further direct experiments show that Atx2 is required for miRNA-mediated repression of several translational reporters in vivo. Together, these observations (i) show that Atx2 and miRNA components regulate synapse-specific long-term plasticity in vivo; (ii) identify Atx2 as a component of the miRNA pathway; and (iii) provide insight into the biological function of Atx2 that is of potential relevance to spinocerebellar ataxia and neurodegenerative disease.     

Glycogen accumulation in renal tubules, a key morphological change in the diabetic rat kidney

Abstract Patients with diabetic nephropathy, characterised pathologically by glomerulosclerosis, may account for up to 40% of end-stage renal cases. The short-term (within 3 months) streptozotocin- or alloxan-induced rat model is often used but glomerulosclerosis is seldom reported and it is unclear what the primary renal lesions are. Diabetic rats were studied at 1, 3 and 6 months after a single injection of alloxan. Both methacrylate and paraffin-embedded renal sections were obtained and stained with PAS and haematoxylin. A morphometric study was performed with stereological methods to obtain the volumes and lengths or diameters of renal tubules and glomeruli. A key morphological change associated with sustained hyperglycaemia was the accumulation of glycogen granules in about half of the distal tubules and thin segments starting from 1 month after the experiment, which was then extended to about half of the proximal tubules at 6 months. Renal hypertrophy was seen with a 9% increase in the tubule diameter but not in the total length; glomerular morphology was basically unaffected. Further studies are needed to establish whether glomerulosclerosis would occur in longer term and whether this animal model would be appropriate to study the human condition of diabetes mellitus in terms of renal damage.